《知識》俄羅斯民航的未來：MC-21 客機介紹 The Future of Russian Aviation: Introducing the MC-21 Aircraft

在全球航空產業中，波音與空中巴士長期主導單走道客機市場。俄羅斯為了打破這種格局、重振民航工業，推出了自製的現代化客機：MC-21。

MC-21 是俄羅斯研發的中短程單走道噴射客機，該機由俄羅斯國有企業 - 聯合航空製造公司（UAC）旗下的伊爾庫特公司（Irkut Corporation）與雅科夫列夫設計局（Yakovlev）合作開發，於 2017 年 5 月進行首飛。該機又稱為 21 世紀的幹線飛機（Magistralny Samolyot 21 veka）。

MC-21 主要目標市場是用來取代俄羅斯老舊的 Tu-154、Tu-204 等機型，同時在國際市場挑戰波音 737 MAX 和空中巴士 A320neo 等主流機型。MC-21 共有三個型號（200/300/400 型） 座位數量從 132 至 230 席不等，依照機型與艙位配置而異。

MC-21 約有 40% 的機體結構採用複合材料，減輕重量，提高燃油效率。航程約 6,000 公里，適合區域及中程航線。MC-21 在發動機選擇上面，早期使用美國普惠公司的 PW1400G，但因應國際制裁，俄羅斯已開發自製的 PD-14 發動機，並於 2025 年完成了首架「全俄製」的 MC-21-310 首飛，進一步降低對外國零組件的依賴。

MC-21 同時也象徵著俄羅斯的民航自主，它代表一種嘗試，即擺脫對西方民航科技的依賴、建立獨立的民用航空產業鏈。

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The Future of Russian Aviation: Introducing the MC-21 Aircraft

For many years, Boeing and Airbus have dominated the global single-aisle passenger jet market. To challenge this and revive its civil aviation industry, Russia developed a modern passenger aircraft called the MC-21.

The MC-21 is a Russian-made short-to-medium-range, single-aisle jet. It was developed by Irkut Corporation and Yakovlev Design Bureau, both under the state-owned United Aircraft Corporation (UAC). The aircraft had its first flight in May 2017. Its name means "Mainline Aircraft of the 21st Century" in Russian.

The MC-21 is designed to replace Russia’s older aircraft, like the Tu-154 and Tu-204, and to compete internationally with popular jets like the Boeing 737 MAX and Airbus A320neo. There are three models of the MC-21 (200/300/400), with seating capacity ranging from 132 to 230 passengers, depending on the version and layout.

About 40% of the MC-21 is made from composite materials, which makes it lighter and more fuel-efficient. It has a range of around 6,000 KM, making it suitable for regional and medium-distance routes. The MC-21 was originally powered by the American-made Pratt & Whitney PW1400G engine. However, due to international sanctions, Russia developed its own engine, PD-14. In 2025, the first fully Russian-made MC-21-310 successfully completed its maiden flight, reducing reliance on foreign parts.

The MC-21 also symbolizes Russia’s push for independence in civil aviation. It represents an effort to break away from Western technology and build a self-reliant aircraft manufacturing industry.