《知識》機票上的艙等代號與座位編碼的意義 What Do Airline Class Codes and Seat Numbers Mean?


在訂購機票時,旅客會注意到航空公司將機艙分為不同艙等。除了常見的頭等艙(First Class)、商務艙(Business Class)與經濟艙(Economy Class)外,每個艙等之下又細分為多個票種,並以不同的英文字母作為代碼,標示於機票上的「艙等(Class)」欄位。

艙等代號的意義
航空公司為了便於票務管理與收益控制,會將機票以不同售價不同有效期限 (如 365 天年票、14 天旅遊票等)、不同使用限制等條件將機票區分開來,並各自以一個英文字母來代表。這些代碼稱為「訂位艙等代碼(Booking Class Code)」。

所謂機票的有效期限是指出國到回國之間,待在國外的時間。例如購買的是 2~14 天旅遊票,表示至少要在國外待 2 天,至多不能超過 14 天。

雖然國際航空運輸協會(IATA)對部分艙等代碼有所建議與慣例,但實際上,每家航空公司都有權根據自身政策,對這些代碼賦予不同的價格與使用條件。因此,同一個字母在不同航空公司中,代表的票價與限制可能完全不同,務必還是得注意一下各航空公司機票艙等的說明。

以下是常見艙等與其對應代碼的分類參考:
頭等艙:A、F、P、R、Z
商務艙:C、D、J
經濟艙:Y(全票經濟艙)、B、H、K、L、M、N、Q、S、T、U、V、W、X 等

座位編號的原則
飛機上的座位號碼通常由「數字 + 英文字母」組成,其中數字代表座位所在的排數(從前往後編號);英文字母則代表該排的橫向位置。座位編碼的配置依航空公司與機型而異。

以全日空(ANA)波音 737-800為例,其座位從左至右為:
A、B、C、(走道)、H、J、K
其中:
  • A、K:靠窗座位
  • C、H:靠走道座位
  • B、J:中間座位
跳過 I 字母:為避免與數字「1」混淆

在雙走道的飛機上,像是波音 787 或空中巴士 A350,則常見配置還會出現:
D、G:走道座位(中央區)

這種系統化的座位編碼能幫助空服員迅速定位座位,提高服務效率與精確性。

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What Do Airline Class Codes and Seat Numbers Mean?

When booking a flight, passengers will notice that airlines divide the cabin into different classes. Besides the common First Class, Business Class, and Economy Class, each class also has different ticket types, shown by letters in the “Class” section of your ticket.

What Do Class Codes Mean?
Airlines use different letter codes to manage ticket prices, rules, and availability. These are called Booking Class Codes. Each letter stands for a specific type of ticket with its own rules—like how much it costs, how long it's valid for, and any travel restrictions.

For example, a 2–14 day ticket means you must stay abroad for at least 2 days, but no more than 14 days.

Even though the International Air Transport Association (IATA) has some guidelines for these codes, each airline can set its own rules. So, the same letter might mean different things on different airlines. Always check the airline’s website for details.

Here are some common class codes:
  • First Class: A, F, P, R, Z
  • Business Class: C, D, J
  • Economy Class: Y (full fare), B, H, K, L, M, N, Q, S, T, U, V, W, X, etc.

How Seat Numbers Work
Airplane seats usually have a number + letter format. The number shows the row (front to back), and the letter shows the seat’s position in the row (side to side). The seat layout depends on the airline and plane model.

For example, on an ANA Boeing 737-800, the seats from left to right are: 
A, B, C, (aisle), H, J, K

Here’s what they mean:
  • A & K: Window seats
  • C & H: Aisle seats
  • B & J: Middle seats
Letter “I” is skipped to avoid confusion with the number “1”

On larger planes with two aisles, like the Boeing 787 or Airbus A350, you might also see:

D & G: Aisle seats (in the center section)

This organized system helps flight attendants find seats quickly and serve passengers better.